Siswati Grammar: Libito (Noun)
Libito
- ligama lentfo letsite lebonakalo nalengabonakali.(Dlamini etal,2008)
Tibonelo:
- Lamagama labhalwe ngalokutopele ngemabito.
a) Umfana udla ibhola.
b) Inkhomo idla tjani.
c) Umfati ukha emanti.
d) Babe ubophela tinkhabi.
e) Gogo ugiga liguma.
f) Mkhulu ukhokha tinkhomo esibayeini.
g) Lijaha leluse tinkhomo.
Takhi telibito
✓ Libito lakhiwa:
1. sicalo
2. sicu
✓ Takhi telibito sititfola ngekutsi sigucule libito siliyise ebunyentini noma silisuse ebunyenini siliyise ebunyeni.
✓ Sakhi selibito lesiba sekucala sikhomba bunye nobe bunyenti.
✓ Leso sakhi sekucala sisibita ngekutsi sicalo.
✓ Lesakhi lesisalako uma sosuse sicalo kutsiwa sicu.
Tibonelo:
a. Umfana ( bunyenti: bafana)
/Um-/ - sicalo
/-fana/ sicu
b. Umutsi (bunyenti: imitsi)
/umu-/ - sicalo
/-tsi/ - sicu
c. Emadvodza ( bunye: indvodza)
/ema-/ - sicalo
/-dvodza/ - sicu
TICALO NETIGABA TEMABITO (Dlamini, 1995)
Sigaba Bunye Bunyenti
1 umu- , um- ba- be-, b-
1a u- bo-
2 umu-, um- imi-, im-
3 li- ema-
4 si-, s- ti-, t-
5 in- tin-
6 lu-, lw- tin-
7 bu-, b-, tj-, tjwi-
8 ku-, kw-
Asesitsatseke kubuka sigaba ngasinye ngasinye:
1. Sigaba 1
• /ba-/ - sicalo
• Tibonelo: ba-fana, ba-ntfu, ba-tsakatsi
• /be-/ - sicalo
• Tibonelo: be-lungu, be-tswana, be-suftu
• /b-/ - sicalo lesisetjentiswa embi kwesicu
lesicala ngamkhamisa.
• Tibonelo: b-oni, b-akhi, b-ongi
- Kulegaba sibonelo sakhona selibito: umfana
- “umfana” bunye balelibito..
- “bafana” bunyenti balelibito.
- Asesihlahlele lamabito:
Umfana
/um-/ - sicalo selibito lelikusigaba 1 bunye.
/-fana/ - sicu selibito
Bafana
/ba-/ - sicalo selibito lelikusigaba 1 bunyenti.
/-fana/ - sicu selibito
- Lokufuna ukwati kutsi sicu selibito ngulencenye lengashintji uma lelibito uliyisa ebunyentini.
2. Sigaba 1a
- Tibonelo: bo-gogo, bo-babe, bo-ntsangayetfu
- Gogo u-lele.
- “bo-gogo” bunyenti balelibito
3. Sigaba 2
• /imi-/ - sicalo
• /umu-/ - sicalo. silandzelwa ticu letinelilunga linye.
• Tibonelo: umu-ti, umu-sa, umu-tsi, imi-ti, imi-fula, imi-khono
- Sibonelo: umuti
- Bunye: umu-ti
- Bunyenti: imi-ti
4. Sigaba 3
- Sibonelo: lihhashi
- Bunye: li-hhashi
- Bunyenti: ema-hhashi
5. Sigaba 4
• /ti-/ - sicalokhulu
• /t-/, /s-/ - ticalo silandzelwa ticu leticala nga: b, p, f, v
• Tibonelo: s-ono, s-ento, t-ono, t-ento, t-ati
- Sibonelo: sihlahla
- Bunye: si-hlahla
- Bunyenti: ti-hlahla
6. Sigaba 5
• /Tin-/ - sicalo simele: tin-, tim-, tiny-, ting-
• /in-/ - sicalo silandzelwa ticu leticala: tf, dz, z, dl, tj, j
• /im-/ - sicalo silandzelwa ticu leticala : b, p, f, v
• Tibonelo: intfo, indzaba, inzuso, indlovu, intje, inja, inyoka
- Sibonelo: imbuti
- Bunye: im-buti
- Bunyenti: tim-buti
7. Sigaba 6
- Tibonelo: lu-hambo, lu-galo, lu-vivane, lwati, lw-eti
8. Sigaba 7
- tibonelo: bu-suku, bu-nadzi, tjw-ala, tj-ani, b-ondli
9. Sigaba 8
- Tibonelo: k-ona, k-osa, k-opha
References
1. Bhembe M, Dlamini M., Vilakati S. , Mamba B. and Masuku M., Umtfombo Wesiswati 4: Incwadzi yemfundzi (Swaziland: Macmillan Boleswa Publishers,2008), pp9-15.
2. Dlamini J. V. (1995). Luhleo LweSiswati: Sehluko 4 Libito. South Africa: Shuter & Shooter (Pty) Ltd. Pp 12-16